Research Article
Baekje's Governance and Royal Succession Conflicts in the Late 4th to Early 5th Centuries
한성백제박물관
Published: January 2025 · Vol. 34 · pp. 61-85
DOI: https://doi.org/10.71244/jojm.2025.28.1.61
Full Text
Abstract
The distribution of key administrative and military positions, such as Sang-jwapyeong, Naesin-jwapyeong, and Byeonggwan-jwapyeong, among the royal family and powerful in-laws inherently constrained the king's authority over appointments and military control. This arrangement undeniably indicates that the monarch could not truly transcend the vested interests of their kin group. Nevertheless, this power-sharing governance structure persisted. This was primarily because, in a situation where challenges to the throne from collateral branches of the royal family could not be easily controlled, it became crucial to fortify the royal house by integrating close relatives.
Moreover, this system served the common interests of the Buyeo, Jin, and Hae clans. It was difficult to disregard a political landscape where other influential aristocratic clans, such as the rising Sa and Mok clans, and even Chinese immigrants, coexisted. As the foremost aristocratic power in Baekje, the Buyeo clan strategically allied and intermarried with the second-tier Jin and Hae clans to ensure stable royal succession and effective state administration. Similarly, the Jin and Hae clans sought to secure their established privileges by maintaining their marital ties with the royal family.
Thus, while the Baekje governance structure, shaped by the interests of these kin groups, prevented any single Buyeo lineage from monopolizing the throne and led to recurrent succession conflicts, it simultaneously enabled the Buyeo, Jin, and Hae clans to maintain a robust political cartel, effectively monopolizing key offices and core authorities.
Moreover, this system served the common interests of the Buyeo, Jin, and Hae clans. It was difficult to disregard a political landscape where other influential aristocratic clans, such as the rising Sa and Mok clans, and even Chinese immigrants, coexisted. As the foremost aristocratic power in Baekje, the Buyeo clan strategically allied and intermarried with the second-tier Jin and Hae clans to ensure stable royal succession and effective state administration. Similarly, the Jin and Hae clans sought to secure their established privileges by maintaining their marital ties with the royal family.
Thus, while the Baekje governance structure, shaped by the interests of these kin groups, prevented any single Buyeo lineage from monopolizing the throne and led to recurrent succession conflicts, it simultaneously enabled the Buyeo, Jin, and Hae clans to maintain a robust political cartel, effectively monopolizing key offices and core authorities.
